Introduction. Reconstructive surgery of carotid arteries in atherosclerosis is an important section of cardiovascular surgery. The authors present the material on surgical treatment of occlusive-stenotic changes of carotid arteries caused by radiotherapy of malignant neoplasms. Most of the patients were previously treated for laryngeal cancer. Publications on this topic are very rare.

Materials and results. The cases of 55 symptomatic patients 57 operations on the cervical segment of carotid arteries. In the course of the previous tumor treatment the total focal dose of 16 -74,8 (on the average 54,1) Gy. was received. Carotid artery lesions were detected after 17 288 (mean 84.1) months. Among 57 surgical interventions, 30 were endovascular. There were 2 strokes after open surgeries, and 1 of these patients died.

Conclusion. The results should be recognized as successful. Knowledge of postradiation arterial pathology should be shared by both angiosurgeons and onco logists. Such critical symptomatic stenosis requires surgical treatment. Surgery is technically challenging due to paravasal fibrosis. There is a high probability of postoperative neuropathy. Endarterectomy is often not feasible. Endovascular techniques should be preferred.

Introduction. Inguinal ectopic testis is a rare complication after inguinal hernia repair. And in modern literature there are a small number of articles devoted to this problem.

Purpose of the study. To study the mechanisms of testicular elevation after surgery for inguinal hernia in children, and methods of treating this complication.

Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of the medical records of male children who underwent inguinal plastic surgery in the period from January 2018 was carried out on the basis of the Children's Children's Clinical Hospital. until December 2023 Those who underwent subsequent orchiopexies for ipsilateral cryptorchidism were identified. Cryptorchidisms that were misdiagnosed were excluded.

Results. A total of 1140 boys with inguinal hernias were treated, of which 978 (86%) were operated on laparoscopically using the PIRS technique, and 162 (14%) underwent open hernia repair. In 9 (0.7%) children, an ectopic testicle in the groin was detected after surgery. During orchiopexy, extensive adhesions and scars in the inguinal canal were found only in 2 cases after open plastic surgery. The processus vaginalis remained intact after laparoscopic repair and partially after open hernia repair.

Conclusion. Ectopic testicles in patients undergoing inguinal hernia repair can be successfully treated with orchiopexy performed through the inguinal approach.

The aim of the study was to select methods for correcting protein-energy malnutrition in the postoperative period and evaluate their effectiveness in patients after gastrectomy.

Material and methods. The article presents the results of a study of surgical methods for treating acute gastric bleeding caused by gastric tumors and an assessment of the correction of protein-energy malnutrition syndrome in the postoperative period. After complete preoperative preparation, an urgent operation was performed in cases with a high risk of recurrent bleeding.

Results. Of the 31 patients who had profuse gastric bleeding, 15 required emergency surgery. Depending on the type of pathology, protein-energy malnutrition develops in 20-50% of surgical patients directly in the hospital in the early postoperative period. For enteral nutrition, we used Nutricomp Energy Fiber Liquid 1 kcal / ml 500 ml, from the first day after surgery. Nutritional status was monitored by determining the level of total protein, albumin, transferrin, absolute lymphocyte count, and body weight dynamics.

Conclusions: Early enteral nutrition in the absence of contraindications on the morning of the day following surgery. Patients experiencing malnutrition immediately after extensive abdominal surgery recover nutritional status, physical function, and quality of life faster if they receive enteral tube diets immediately after surgery. In most cases, enteral nutrition is the method of choice for early nutritional support.

Introduction. The aim of this study is to compare laser ablation and Karidakis surgery in the treatment of pilonidal cysts.

Methods. A prospective study based on multicenter analysis and randomization involved 128 people who underwent surgical interventions for ECC. Three groups of patients were formed according to the method of surgical treatment: The main group, in which patients underwent laser obliteration of the epithelial coccygeal passage according to the method developed by us. Comparison group 1, in which the method of excision of the coccygeal passage with tight suturing of the wound was used. Comparison group 2, in which surgical interventions were used according to the method of Bascom, Karydakis, Limberg.

Results. The study of the immediate and remote results of treatment showed a low frequency of relapses of the disease (10%), which is comparable with traditional surgical techniques (10-12%). When comparing all techniques, no reliable significant differences were obtained in the number of relapses, and the number of postoperative complications in the early postoperative period when using laser technologies is significantly less than in the comparison groups (the number of complications in the early postoperative period is significantly less (7,5% complications in the main group 24.1%, and 13,4% in the first and second comparison groups).

Discussion. The results of clinical studies are comparable with the data presented in international literature. The quality of life of patients who underwent laser treatment is significantly higher than that of those who underwent traditional surgical interventions.

The relevance of the problem of adequate assessment of the activity of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis is beyond doubt.

The aim of the study is to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of existing scales of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis severity. The diversity of clinical manifestations of psoriatic disease determines the presence of many indices. Clinical guidelines for practicing physicians present indices for individual clinical domains or complex ones combining several indicators.

Results and conclusions. The disparity of practical tools dictates the search for a universal index for dermatologists and rheumatologists in determining the tactics of managing patients with psoriatic disease.

Introduction. The article emphasizes the role of ultrasound (US) in the early detection of congenital developmental defects (CDD), particularly those crucial for the health and life of the future child. Focus is placed on the importance of screening in the first trimester of pregnancy to identify serious anomalies such as congenital heart defects (CHD).

Purpose. To illuminate the current state and future prospects of using US in the first trimester for diagnosing CDD, underscoring the significance of this approach for improving pregnancy outcomes and newborn health.

Materials and Methods. A literature search was conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. The review covers retrospective and prospective studies published in medical journals, with an emphasis on the sensitivity and specificity of US.

Results and Discussion. Results of data analysis on the sensitivity and specificity of US in various studies are presented, along with a discussion on the impact of specialist qualifications and equipment quality on diagnostic accuracy. Technical capabilities and limitations of US, as well as the prospects for developing prenatal screening techniques, are considered.

Conclusion. US in the first trimester is a crucial tool for the early detection of CDD. Further improvement of US methods, specialist training, and standardization of research protocols are needed to enhance screening efficiency.

Purpose of the study: to identify the features of visualization of the most common focal liver lesions using traditional ultrasound methods (B-mode, Color Doppler, Doppler).

Material and methods. This article presents an analysis of data obtained as a result of a literature search using the keywords: «ultrasound», «liver formation», differential diagnosis».

Results. The characteristic features of benign and malignant formations are identified and described. The topic of differential diagnosis of benign and malignant formations is covered. A comparison of the results obtained in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant formations is given.

Conclusions. Ultrasound techniques should be used as basic screening in the diagnosis of liver tumors, dynamic surveillance, for screening and surveillance ultrasound in patients at risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (US-LIRADS), selection of acoustic access and navigation during biopsy.