Clinical pharmacology as a scientific specialty was approved in 1982, and as a medical one in 1997. Training of students in the discipline “Clinical pharmacology” in ChelSMI was one of the first in the country and began in 1981. When a course of clinical pharmacology was organized at the Department of Pharmacology, headed by Professor V. I. Ratnikov. This Department, headed N. E. Ryabinina. Currently, clinical pharmacology is taught at the Department of Polyclinic Therapy with a course of clinical pharmacology. In 2001, in the Clinic of ChelSMA, on the initiative of the chief physician Doctor of Medical Sciences S. L. Kremlev and deputy chief physician for medical work, Doctor of Medical Sciences work, Doctor of Medical Sciences M. G. Moskvicheva, the first department of clinical pharmacology in the Southern Urals was created under the leadership of Professor G. G. Ketova. Training of clinical pharmacologists for health care began in 1983 at the Department of Therapeutics, Clinical Pharmacology with courses of endocrinology and dietetics at ­UGMADO, headed by Professor A. I. Kuzin. Active work on the training of relevant specialists in the Chelyabinsk region began in 2004. On the initiative of Professor G. G. Ketova on the basis of the Clinic of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education of SUSMU, a scientific and educational center for clinical pharmacology was created by her “Personalized Medicine”.

We carried out a comprehensive assessment of the influence of environmental factors, conditions of upbringing and education on the course of adaptation processes, health condition of children attending preschool educational organizations of the city (PEO). It was found that the environment of modern PEO is characterized by the impact on children of a number of unfavorable factors, among which the largest share belongs to the sanitary and hygienic conditions of their essential services — 43.0% (r=0.9; p<0.01).
Among the factors characterizing the sanitary and hygienic conditions of essential services, a reliable relationship was established between respiratory diseases in children (X class; J00–J99) and microclimatic conditions (r=0.9; p<0.001), non-observance of the principle of group isolation (r=0.8; p < 0.001), exceeding the design capacity of the building (r=0.8; p<0,05). The latter factor affects the level of infectious morbidity (class I; A00–B99; r=0.8; p<0.001). A significant relationship was found between the incidence of myopia (grade VII; H00–H59) among preschoolers and the level of illumination in PEO (r=0.6; p<0.05), between the incidence of scoliosis and the non-conformity of furniture for the height of children (grade XIII; M00–M99; r=0.6; p<0.05).
In the conditions of multicomponent action of environmental factors on children in preschool organizations, the course of biological adaptation processes is significantly influenced byfactors characterizing the level of organization of preventive, health-improving and corrective care, their contribution being of 24.1% (r=0.8; p<0.01).
Two subsystems have been identified that influence the course of adaptation processes. In children with satisfactory adaptation, the determining factor was the subsystem, which included indicators of the child's physical development (the relative contribution to the total variance is 59.0%). In children with unsatisfactory adaptation and its tension, the determinative subsystem was that which included: stress index (SI), vegetative balance index (VBI), centralization index (IC). The relative contribution to the total variance of this subsystem is higher than that in children with satisfactory adaptation, and amounted to 46.4 and 52.7%, respectively.

We studied the effectiveness of the “Program and methodological complex for the rehabilitation of children with mental retardation” which was scientifically developed and implemented in a preschool educational organization of a compensatory orientation. It was shown that unified organizational, special health-improving and corrective measures based on the integration of the activities of hygienists, pediatricians, neurologists, speech pathologists, psychologists, speech therapists contribute to the improvement of the reserves of biological and social adaptation, improve the mental performance of children with mental retardation (MR). As a result, 71.3% of preschoolers with a history of mental retardation were able to continue their education in the primary grades of municipal budgetary educational institutions, and only 28.7% study in correctional schools.

The object of the study was 270 medical students aged 18–24 years of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “South-Urals State Medical University” of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the study is to analyze the quality of life, psychological and physical condition of medical students during the pandemic. The work uses sociological, analytical, statistical research methods. The interview was conducted using the American SF-36 “Health Status Survey” questionnaire in the Russian version and an anonymous online questionnaire developed by the authors, consisting of 33 questions. 26.5% of respondents have a weak physical condition, because of this they experience difficulties with physical exertion of any degree. When analyzing the indicators of the psychological state, it was revealed that 46.6% of students experience a feeling of anxiety, anxiety, they have frequent depressive moods and negative emotions prevail. Age and sex differences were revealed, while the most favorable total indicators were noted in students of the age group of 18–20 years. It was revealed that 48.5% of respondents noted the presence of chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, which is due to a violation of the regime and quality of nutrition: two meals a day (26.5% of respondents) and consumption of fast food 2–3 times a week (63.3% of respondents). According to the results of the survey, more than half of the respondents (53.0%) were ill with COVID-19, while 88.2% were vaccinated. Respondents noted that the transferred disease affected the nature of nutrition (16.1%), which was expressed in a prolonged (2–3 months or more) perversion of taste, lack of sense of smell. Based on the results obtained, comprehensive preventive measures have been developed and proposed to improve the quality and lifestyle of medical students.

Purpose of the study: to analyze antibiotic therapy in patients with infective endocarditis, depending on the results of bacteriological cultures, the presence or absence of HIV infection.
Research objectives: to assess the gender, age composition of the patient group; analyze the results of bacteriological blood cultures; to correlate the results of bacteriological blood cultures and prescribed antibiotic therapy; compare the results of bacteriological blood cultures depending on the presence of HIV infection.
Among patients with infective endocarditis (IE), males, mostly young people, prevailed; in the study group, the largest part (80%) were patients with HIV infection. The acute form of IE was observed only in 20% of cases among patients of both groups. Among the clinical manifestations in both groups prevailed asthenia (50% in group 1 and 80% in the second), fever (83% and 62.5%), shortness of breath (83% and 80%), myalgia (33% and 71%). Cephalosporins (50%) were most often used in starting antibiotic therapy in group 1, cephalosporins (33%) and amikacin (21%) in group 2. After the results of bacteriological studies were obtained, vancomycin was prescribed more often in both HIV-infected and without HIV infection; in HIV-infected patients, an antimycotic drug, fluconazole, was added to antimicrobial therapy.

Aim: to estimate the dynamics of the lipid spectrum of blood serum in comparison with the level of circulating products of lipid peroxidation, the concentration of cytokines and the functional state of the liver in women during radiation therapy after surgical treatment of endometrial cancer.
Materials and methods. As part of a cohort prospective study, changes in the lipid profile that develop during the first two weeks of radiation therapy were studied in 24 patients who underwent extended extirpation of the uterus with appendages for endometrial cancer. Additionally, the content of circulating products of lipid peroxidation and cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6), as well as indicators of the functional state of the liver, were evaluated.
Results. After 14 days from the start of external pelvic radiation therapy, a significant decrease in the content of total cholesterol (by 12%; p=0.005) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (by 10%; p=0.004) was noted in the blood serum of patients. This was accompanied by a decrease in the coefficient of atherogenicity by 0.3% (p=0.011). At the same time, there was an increase in the level of heptane-soluble end products of lipid peroxidation (Schiff bases) by 33% of the initial level (p=0.04). Radiation therapy had no effect on the concentration of circulating cytokines and the functional state of the liver.

Contrast-induced nephropathy after endovascular diagnostic and therapeutic interventions on the coronary arteries occupies one of the leading positions in the structure of postoperative complications of endovascular surgery. The incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy is not high, but is directly related to an increase in morbidity and mortality and accounts for about 10% in the structure of the causes of acute kidney damage. The article presents a review of the literature on the pathophysiological aspects of contrast-induced nephropathy, identifies general pathogenetic mechanisms of development, evaluates the risks of contrast-induced nephropathy and the possibility of early diagnosis in an initially predisposed cohort of patients.