The article is devoted to the stages of the formation of the sanitary and epidemiological service in the South Urals and the prospects for its further development.

The article deals with the problems of comparability of the English end Latin languages in the study of medical terminology.

A radical reduction in the level of air pollution in the cities of Chelyabinsk and Magnitogorsk, which are cities with a high level of air pollution and are included in the list of 12 industrial centers on the territory of which the Federal project “Clean Air” is being implemented, is a national task to develop a comfortable and safe environment for vital activity.
The article assesses the results of atmospheric air quality in the cities — participants of the federal project “Clean Air” Chelyabinsk and Magnitogorsk for 2017-2021, carried out by the Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Chelyabinsk Region, identified target organs and hazard classes of pollutants substances with the largest percentage of samples exceeding the maximum allowable concentration and causal relationships of negative impact on public health (primary morbidity) have been established.
A significant (7.2 times) increase in the number of atmospheric air samples taken over a period of 5 years was revealed. There is an increase in 2021 compared to 2020 in excess of hygienic standards for pollutants by 1.33%.
The direction of the highest percentage of primary morbidity of the adult population (18 years and older) associated with aerogenic exposure to chemicals by classes of diseases of the respiratory system, digestion, eye and adnexa has been revealed. Based on the results of the study, measures are proposed to reduce pollutant emissions.

Currently, in the Russian Federation, there are negative trends in the state of health of children in all age categories — there is a high level of morbidity, an increase in the prevalence of neuropsychiatric pathology, the presence of functional abnormalities and a deterioration in quality indicators of both physical and neuropsychic health. Therefore, among the priority tasks facing health care and education is caring for the health of the child population, its preservation and strengthening.|
The results obtained prove the need for innovative approaches in medicine and education, the creation of electronic databases (as part of monitoring), modeling situations aimed at improving the level of individual neuropsychic health (psycho-emotional state) of modern schoolchildren.
The purpose of this study was to study neurotic disorders and features of the psycho-emotional status of modern schoolchildren.
As a result of the study, it was revealed that the overall incidence of children and adolescents in the city of Chelyabinsk in the dynamics of 6 years (2015-2020) significantly decreased by 24.0% and over the past year by 9.6%. There is an increase in the overall incidence of children and adolescents over the study period for the following classes of diseases: mental and behavioral disorders (by 28.1%), diseases of the circulatory system (by 26.3%) and COVID19 (by 100%).|
According to the research results, a high level of personal anxiety was noted in 33.6% of respondents, and a low level in 19.8%. Very high and high levels of neuroticism were noted in almost half of the surveyed schoolchildren (44.6%). In the group of surveyed schoolchildren aged 11-14 years, psycho-neurological disorders were noted in 78% of respondents and in the group of 15-18 year olds — in 71%. 1/3 of the students had cephalgia, 1/10 had tension headache, syncope and cognitive impairment. These disorders were found in 79.0% of boys and 76.0% of girls.

The state of health of children and adolescents causes serious concern among pediatricians and hygienists. Special attention is required to protect the health of schoolchildren, which depends on the conditions of the educational process [1-3].
Children and adolescents spend a significant period of time in educational institutions, during which physical environmental factors act on the child's body. Monitoring and ensuring safe conditions in educational institutions is one of the main tasks of the sanitary and hygienic well-being of the child population [2]. For 3 years, there was an improvement in the indicators of the level of artificial lighting, noise, microclimate. There is a decrease in primary morbidity in children and adolescents by disease classes: diseases of the eye and adnexa, nervous system, mental and behavioral disorders, diseases of the blood, blood-forming organs and individual disorders involving the immune mechanism, respiratory organs.

The purpose of the work was to study and evaluate sanitary and hygienic conditions, the organization of sports activities in secondary schools of the city of Chelyabinsk.
In the period 2016-2018, studies were conducted on the conditions and organization of physical culture classes in 10 schools of the city of Chelyabinsk, in which 10 gyms, 8 outdoor sports grounds and 65 auxiliary premises were examined.
As a result of the conducted research, violations of the material and technical base (60% of schools) and sanitary and hygienic norms and rules on the conditions of stay (in 70% of schools), regarding the maintenance of gyms, sports grounds (in 60% of schools); sanitary and hygienic provision, cleaning regime (in 50% of schools) were revealed, a narrow range of types and forms of physical education is used during physical education lessons (90% of schools).
The activities carried out by the control and supervisory authorities allowed to improve the material and technical base of organizations, hygienic conditions for physical education lessons, expand the range of types and forms of physical education, increase the responsibility of officials during physical education lessons, which will reduce the risks of developing diseases in students.

When organizing meals for schoolchildren, it is necessary to ensure a balance between the intake and expenditure of basic nutrients, to take into account the needs associated with changes in environmental conditions, physical, intellectual and emotional stress. In this regard, the implementation of constant monitoring, including by specialists of Rospotrebnadzor, for the balance and fullness of nutrition of students is extremely important.
Not rational and balanced nutrition of children can become a prerequisite for serious violations of the vital functions of the body, leading, among other things, to disorders of the function of various organs and systems: digestion, cardiovascular, nervous; may cause the development of alimentary-dependent diseases — rickets, anemia, hypotrophy; increase the risk of diabetes, obesity, reduce the body's resistance to various diseases.
The aim is to study the quality of hot meals and the provision of them to students in educational institutions of the Chelyabinsk region with further development of preventive measures.
As a result of the conducted research, it was revealed that the total nutrition coverage of students was 89.8%, including 99.9% of students in grades 1-4 and 81.9% of grades 5-11.
When assessing the distribution of educational organizations by the potential risk of harm to health, it was found that in 2021 the objects classified as extremely high risk (80.3%) make up the largest share, and the shares of objects classified as high and low risk groups have not changed and amounted to 0.5% and 0.4%, respectively.
It was revealed that in 3.8% of samples there was a discrepancy in the caloric content and chemical composition of dishes, in 2.2% of samples there was insufficient portion volume, in 2.3% of samples there was a discrepancy in microbial contamination of ready food and a violation of the temperature of ready meals — in 0.8% of samples. The share of samples of ready meals according to microbiological indicators that do not meet the requirements in the dynamics of three years increased by 0.9%.
The results of the work indicate the need to develop a regional program to improve the nutrition of schoolchildren, strengthen production control over the organization of meals in educational organizations.

Laboratory and instrumental support of the control and surveillance activities of Rospotrebnadzor is the most important, most time-consuming and complex task of Rospotrebnadzor institutions — the Centers for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. It requires a clear organization of the activities of testing laboratories (centers) of institutions in strict accordance with the Accreditation Criteria, their comprehensive material and technical equipment and training of specialists to implement the necessary methods of quantitative chemical analysis.
The article provides a retrospective analysis of the volume and structure of studies performed by the sanitary and hygienic laboratories of the Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Chelyabinsk Region over a long period, including in the context of all the main groups of methods used, including modern physical and chemical ones, and research objects, trends in the development of laboratory activities are shown, a forecast is made of the demand for methods, the need to purchase and implement appropriate equipment in the future.

The task of sanitary supervision in the field of dust control and prevention of dust lung diseases is, among other things, to determine the sources of dust formation. According to the results of a study of the air in the working area at the enterprises of the Chelyabinsk region for 2019-2021, the largest number of unsatisfactory results for the above indicators is observed at the enterprises of the mining industry (7.2%) and metallurgy (4.4%). The ongoing studies have once again confirmed the relevance of systematic supervision measures and production control of the air in the working area for dust content.