Introduction. Due to the intensive progress in the treatment of malignant neoplasms at the present stage, the study of the quality of life is becoming one of the priorities in oncology. The aim of the study is to assess the relevance of the problem of affective disorders in the treatment of oncogynecological patients and the associated decline in quality of life, to identify and analyze the main methods of their correction. Materials and methods. In this study, a search in the PubMed, Google Scholar databases was conducted using pairs of keywords "quality of life – oncology", "quality of life – endometrial cancer", "quality of life – radiation therapy", "radiation therapy – depression", "3-oxypyridine – oncology" for articles published since 2017 until 2022 in Russian and English. The time interval was extended for the group "3-oxypyridine – oncology", since most of the experimental studies were conducted before 2017, but remains relevant at the moment. A total of 2,380,500 articles were found. Further articles were identified manually through the article reference lists. Results. Comorbid depression is a general oncological problem, characteristic not only for patients with cancer of the uterine body. It is known that affective status disorders against the background of various malignant tumors significantly reduce patients' adherence to treatment, negatively affect the course of oncological diseases and worsen the prognosis for patients' lives. An important aspect of this problem should be considered the negative impact of depression on the quality of life of cancer patients. Conclusion. Psychotropic drugs are traditionally used to treat anxiety and depression in cancer patients. The unfavorable tolerance profile of classical pharmacotherapy of affective disorders significantly limits the possibility of its wide application in oncogynecological practice. In this regard, the problem of finding alternative ways to normalize the affective status of cancer patients becomes urgent. One of the possible options is the course use of domestic derivatives of 3-oxypyridine.

Current research has conflicting results on the relationship between psychological factors and breast cancer survival. The associations found between psychological factors and course and survival are described as relatively small compared with those for medical factors. However, analysis of disease-free survival and associated factors leads to a better understanding of the patient's condition and characteristics associated with relapse and provides the basis for more effective treatment. The purpose of this study is to determine the psychological factors of favorable course and relapse-free survival in breast cancer. Research methods. An analysis of the psychological characteristics of women with breast cancer at various stages of the disease (N=151) was carried out. The following psychological diagnostic methods were used: the Basic Beliefs Scale (World assumptions scale, Janoff-Bulman R., adaptation by M. A. Padun, A. V. Kotelnikova), the Level of Subjective Control method (E. F. Bazhin, E. A. Golynkina, L.M. Etkind), Life Orientation Test (Life Orientation Test, Scheier M.F., Carver C.S., adaptation by Tsiring D.A., Evninoy K.Yu.), questionnaire SF-36 “Assessment of quality of life.” As methods of statistical processing of empirical data: methods of descriptive statistics (M, SD, Me), discriminant analysis. Results. When verifying the hypothesis, psychological factors associated with relapse-free five-year survival and a favorable course of breast cancer were obtained. Mental health, internality in the field of failures and in the field of industrial relations act as factors in the system of other factors of relapse-free survival in women with breast cancer. Mental health as an indicator of subjective assessment of quality of life is significantly higher in women with breast cancer, whose course of the disease is favorable and without signs of cancer. This indicator makes the maximum contribution among the psychological variables studied in this study to the recurrence-free survival of women with breast cancer, and manifests itself as optimal mood, the absence of signs of depression and anxiety, and the presence of positive emotions. Also, predictors of relapse-free survival and a favorable course of the disease are the tendency towards an internal locus of control in the field of failures - a sense of responsibility and subjective control in relation to failures and negative events, as well as in the field of industrial relations, considering one’s actions a significant factor in the organization of professional activities, in relationships in team. The results of discriminant analysis demonstrate that the combination of these three psychological factors is determinant for relapse-free survival and a favorable course of breast cancer, along with medical and socio-demographic factors.

Relevance. The risk of developing severe COVID-19 in pregnant women is high. The study of the processes of apoptosis and hypoxia in the placenta, which have a fundamental effect on the functioning of the placenta in conditions of COVID-19 and lung damage of varying severity, is important for deciding on the tactics of patient management. The aim – determination of the expression level of apoptosis-inducible factor and hypoxia-inducible factor in placentas in COVID-19 and critical lung injury in a comparative aspect. Material and methods. The level of expression of AIF and HIF-1a in the placentas of women with COVID-19 was studied. The 1st group consisted of placentas of 25 women with COVID-19 and CDL (more than 75% CT-4) after premature birth induced by the severity of the mother's condition, and in every third case – in combination with fetal distress, 2nd – placentas of 25 patients with COVID-19 and lung damage of 25-50% (CT-2) after spontaneous premature birth at the stage of convalescence after COVID-19. The results of the study. In patients with CDL, the average area of immunopositive structures with respect to AIF turned out to be statistically significantly higher than the same indicator in placentas of the 2nd group and amounted to 66.38 (60.79; 74.51)% (p=0.000). The expression level of HIF-1a was 17.80 (13.33; 27.33)% and 33.01 (27.63; 35.99)%, respectively, in the groups (p= 0.000), that is, in the placentas of women of the 1st group was more than 2 times lower than in the placentas of patients of the 2nd group. Conclusion. In patients with COVID-19 and CDL, the level of the average AIF area is statistically significantly higher than the same parameter in the placentas of women with COVID-19 and lung damage of 25-50% (CT-2) (p=0.000), which may indicate an energy deficiency of cyto- and syncytiotrophoblast cells due to the severity of the condition of women with CDL. On the contrary, the level of HIF-1a expression in the placental structures of group 1 women is more than 2 times lower than in the placentas of group 2 patients (p=0.000). The revealed patterns allow us to recommend the earliest possible delivery of patients with COVID-19 and CDL, before the development of severe hypoxic lesions in the placentas of these pregnant women.

Arm of the study: to identify risk factors affecting the frequency of relapses of atrial fibrillation in women of working age. Materials and methods: an analysis of clinical and anamnestic data was carried out in 97 women, whom we divided into 2 groups depending on the frequency of relapses of atrial fibrillation for the period 2010 – 2013. Results: depending on the frequency of relapses of atrial fibrillation, differences were identified in the incidence of hypertension in a premature family history, sedentary lifestyle, excess alcohol consumption, increased heart rate at rest with established sinus rhythm, arterial hypertension, stress at work and in the family, personality type “D”, subclinical depression, significant increase in left atrium size and moderate increase in left atrium index, obesity. The effect of hazard ratio and logistic regression analysis on the recurrence rate of atrial febrillation was determined. Conclusions. Predictors of frequent relapses of atrial fibrillation in women of working age are a sedentary lifestyle, excessive alcohol consumption, stress at work and in the family, personality type “D”, resting heart rate more than 80 beats per minute, arterial hypertension, significant increase in diameter left atrium and a moderate increase in the left atrium index, obesity.

The article presents the role of the elective discipline "Preclinical assessment of effectiveness in the development of new medicines" in the formation of professional competencies for students in the specialty "Pharmacy" to work at pharmaceutical and medical enterprises and conduct preclinical research of new medicines in accordance with the "Strategy for the development of the pharmaceutical industry of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030". The need for this elective discipline among students of the specialty "Pharmacy" is due to the fact that the number of classroom hours does not allow them to fully and at a sufficient level master the discipline "Pathology". The elective discipline will include the study of the general toxic effect of medicines, preclinical evaluation of the effectiveness of medicines that affect hemostasis, the endothelium of blood vessels used to correct diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, etc. The introduction of an elective discipline into the educational process, along with mandatory disciplines, will contribute to the expansion of practical training of graduates of the Faculty of Pharmacy, the development of necessary competencies and the determination of the choice of professional orientation. In particular, the formation of knowledge about the effectiveness of preclinical trials in the development of new medicines, the ability to conduct a preclinical assessment of effectiveness in the development of new medicines, skills in the use and critical analysis of normative, reference and scientific literature in solving professional problems, processing and interpretation of the results obtained.