The purpose of the study: to study the features of the course of pregnancy and childbirth for the mother and fetus with preeclampsia. Materials and methods. A prospective cohort study was conducted using a continuous sample of 95 women who were delivered at the Clinic of the South-Urals State Medical University (Chelyabinsk) in 2021. The family and personal anamnesis of women, the outcomes of pregnancy and childbirth were studied (the results were obtained by means of a questionnaire, analysis of medical documentation: the dispensary book of a pregnant woman, the history of childbirth). Results and conclusions. Preeclampsia is associated with placental insufficiency, which more often begins in the second trimester with changes in uterine blood flow and progresses with increasing severity of hypertensive disorders. In severe preeclampsia, its early manifestation [32.5 (29–35) weeks] was noted and associated with disorders of uterine (90.3%) and umbilical cord blood flow (32.3%), fetal growth retardation (54.8%), more often with early onset of pathology (63.2%). Pregnancy outcomes in women with severe preeclampsia are associated with a high rate of premature birth (58.8%), emergency cesarean section (94.1%), hypotrophy (47.1%) and asphyxia (55.9%) of newborns, which requires resuscitation.

The article presents the results of a study devoted to the analysis of tolerance, possible manifestations of stigmatization and discrimination against people living with HIV. The subject of the study is the attitude of the population of the city of Chelyabinsk aged 18 to 60 years to people living with HIV and interaction with them. Collection of primary sociological information by anonymous survey of 107 respondents according to the author's questionnaire. It was revealed that 77.2% of respondents know that the main way of HIV transmission is sexual (84.7% effective method of contraception is a condom). The respondents also chose the correct term applicable to HIV-infected people in accordance with the Declaration of Principles of Tolerance — people living with HIV (86%), while 22.8% of respondents noted erroneous transmission routes (kiss, handshake, use of one dish), 15.3% — ineffective HIV contraceptives (combined oral contraceptives, interrupted sexual intercourse act, spermicidal gels, intrauterine device).

It should be noted that the level of stigmatization in society is low, 81.3% of respondents will continue to communicate with a person and 60.7% would maintain a relationship with their partner after learning his positive HIV status. At the same time, there are differences in opinion about the disclosure of HIV status to the employer and the surrounding people, so half of the respondents (49.5%) believe that a person living with HIV should inform the employer about his HIV status.

Discrimination among the surveyed population is at a low level, this is indicated by the opinions of 83.2% of respondents who believe that children with HIV-positive status can attend educational organizations together with other children and 82.2% of respondents disagree with the statement “People living with HIV have no place with me”, for 43.9% attitude towards people, living with HIV, it will be the same regardless of the conditions in which he was infected.

The authors emphasize the importance of developing educational programs aimed at eliminating stigma and creating a tolerant environment for people living with HIV. The results of this study can serve as a basis for the development of a set of measures with people living with HIV and the participation of specialists from the Regional Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS and Infectious Diseases to increase the level of knowledge about HIV among the population and tolerant attitude towards people living with HIV.

Purpose of the study: assessment of the possibility of ultrasound examination in patients with cancer of various locations in the intensive care unit. Materials and methods. An analysis of the data obtained as a result of a sample from the proposed list of oncological patients in the department of ultrasound diagnostics of the Chelyabinsk Regional Clinical Center of Oncology and Nuclear Medicine is presented. Results. A comparison is given of the results obtained in the diagnosis of pleural effusion in cancer patients by three research methods. It has been shown that the capabilities of ultrasound examination of cancer patients in the intensive care unit make it possible to diagnose hydrothorax in 100% of cases, which gives us the right to evaluate this research method as the most effective, fast, mobile and simple. Conclusions. 1. Ultrasound examination is an informative tool for diagnosing the presence and assessing the volume of fluid in the pleural cavity. 2. Ultrasound examination is used for marking and further thoracentesis. 3. Ultrasound examination is used to assess the dynamics of cancer patients during treatment without radiation exposure.

Pain syndrome is common in 50% of patients suffering from various diseases, and reaches 80–90% in patients with generalized forms of malignant neoplasms. Along with improving the availability of pharmacological treatment of pain syndrome, including strong narcotic drugs, there is an increasing need to introduce non-drug methods of pain relief into practice. Virtual reality, as a component of distraction therapy, reduces pain syndrome. The article provides the rationale for the study of the influence of the virtual reality software and hardware complex on the pain syndrome. In this regard, it is relevant to investigate the features of the system of psychological personal determinants of survival and the course of the disease of patients with malignant neoplasms, their dynamics during the course of the disease.

The arm of the work is to present a review of the literature on the possible timing of coronary bypass grafting in acute myocardial infarction; present the world experience of emergency and emergency open revascularization for acute myocardial ischemia; highlight key positions identified in clinical guidelines. Taking into account the priority role of percutaneous coronary interventions in the surgical treatment of acute myocardial infarction, coronary artery bypass grafting is rarely performed in these conditions. In 2018 in the Russian Federation, the share of coronary bypass surgery for acute myocardial infarction in the structure of the total number of open coronary revascularizations was only 2.2% (858 operations out of 39,216). However, in the structure of acute myocardial infarction, there is a predominance of cases without ST segment elevation, among which there are multivessel lesions with an anatomy that does not allow endovascular revascularization. This figure, according to various sources, varies from 5 to 10% of cases of acute myocardial infarction without ST segment elevation. In percutaneous coronary intervention centers, where there is an intensification of the treatment process, there will inevitably be an increasing number of such patients who could potentially be left without the necessary surgical treatment. Conclusion. The variety of conflicting opinions on the timing of CABG for AMI, confirmed by the results of various studies without a uniform design, necessitates the need to make decisions on open myocardial revascularization on an individual basis. As in cases with antiplatelet support for AMI, the involvement of a cardiology team is required, the collegial opinion of which will be of paramount importance, since specialists of different profiles (cardiologist, cardiac surgeon, resuscitator, anesthesiologist, doctor for x-ray endovascular diagnostics and treatment) will take into account all the personalized risks of the patient.

The article presents short-term results of the implementation of staged treatment of purulent-necrotic complications of diabetic foot syndrome with various approaches to revascularization of lower limb tissues. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of staged revascularization and delayed organ-preserving operations for purulent-necrotic complications of the mixed form of diabetic foot syndrome. The essence of the technique described by the authors includes primary sanitation of the purulent focus, the formation of limited dry necrosis in the area of the initial wet tissue necrosis and achieving the maximum possible level of revascularization, reperfusion and reoxygenation of limb tissues, followed by delayed necrectomy, amputation and reconstructive plastic organ-preserving operations on the feet. Results and conclusions. Taking into account the modern variety of methods used for revascularization of the extremities, the main features of the clinical course after open, endovascular and angiogenesis-stimulating methods of reperfusion and tissue reoxygenation are presented, taking into account the pathophysiological effects of the methods and means used. Based on clinical experience in the treatment of this category of patients, priority directions for diagnosis and treatment tactics at the inpatient and outpatient stages of monitoring this category of patients have been identified.