Objective. To assess and compare quality of life of patients after robot-assisted prosthetic repair of the aorta and iliac arteries. Materials and methods. In 2022–2023, 164 aortoiliac reconstructions for type II and III (according to Pokrovsky) aneurysms of the abdominal aorta and iliac arteries were performed at the Scientific Research Institute — Ochapovsky Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1 (Krasnodar, Russian Federation). Among them, 65.75% of the reconstructions were open, and 34.25% were video-assisted, endovascular. The Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey was used to determine the quality of life before surgery and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postsurgery. Results. Our study of the quality of life after open and robot-assisted resections of aneurysms of the abdominal aorta and iliac arteries revealed a statistically significant difference at every stage of the study. Quality of life parameters were higher after robot-assisted surgery compared with classical open surgery.

The article is devoted to the method of conservative treatment of gastric and duodenal perforations using the H. Taylor method. A literature review with an accurate description of the original author's method is provided. A number of authors consider it possible to use it as the main method of treatment in certain situations, while others consider it only as a “method of despair” when surgical treatment is impossible for a number of reasons. A description of a clinical case of successful treatment of a patient with a perforated gastric tumor using this method is given. The H. Taylor method, despite its ambiguity, allows in some cases to do without surgical intervention. It is definitely applicable when the patient categorically refuses surgery. Aspiration of gastric contents can make it possible to gain time in the event of a delay in performing surgery for technical reasons. The authors consider its widespread use to be inappropriate at the moment, but as antibacterial and antiulcer therapy improves, the indications for its use may expand.

Cytomegalovirus infection of the esophagus is a rare but clinically significant lesion of the esophagus, more often found in immunocompromised individuals. This article presents a clinical case of a patient with generalized cytomegalovirus infection (CMV) in the practice of a rheumatologist. The diagnosis was established based on endoscopic examination with biopsy and confirmed by polymerase chain reaction for CMV. The patient was prescribed antiviral therapy with subsequent clinical improvement. The article discusses clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods for CMV, the importance of timely detection and differential diagnosis of this infection.

High prevalence of chronic heart failure and the insufficient sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic tests for its verification forced medical community to look for а new diagnostic approaches and develop new diagnostic algorithms. Aim. The research aim was to compare the spread of chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction using the Recommendations of Russian Cardiological Society approved by the Scientific and Practical Council of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation on Chronic Heart Failure in 2024 and using the HFA-PEFF scale recommended by the consensus of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology. Material and methods. A single-stage study was conducted, 61 patients were examined, all patients were examined in the Private Medical Institution «Clinical Hospital Russian Railways-Medicine» in Chelyabinsk. The average age was 52.7 years. There was prevalence of males in the examined population (88.5% of the total number of examined patients). The inclusion criteria were the presence of echocardiography, electrocardiography and stress echocardiography data with an assessment of diastolic function in the patient's cards. The exclusion criteria were the presence in the diagnosis of chronic heart failure with a mildly reduced and reduced ejection fraction. All patients included in the study underwent an assessment of structural and functional disorders associated with diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle according to the Recommendations of the Russian Cardiological Society. All patients included in the study were also validated according to the HFA-PEFF scale, recommended by the consensus of the Association for Heart Failure of the European Society of Cardiology to verify the signs of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Results. Diastolic dysfunction was detected in 27.8% (17) of patients according to the criteria recommended by the Russian Society of Cardiology. Due to the fact that the examined patients had no symptoms associated with heart failure, a clinical diagnosis of heart failure was not made. The echocardiographic criteria of the pre-stage of heart failure were identified in 34.4% (21) of patients according to the recommendations of the Russian Society of Cardiology. According the HFA-PEFF scale 21 (34.4%) patients were scored from 2 to 4 points, that means, that the diastolic stress test was required. Positive result of the diastolic stress test was revealed in 2 (9.5%) patients, and it made possible to diagnose heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction, according to the consensus of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology. Conclusion. In comparison of spread of chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction using the Recommendations of Russian Cardiological Society approved by the Scientific and Practical Council of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation on Chronic Heart Failure in 2024 and using the HFA-PEFF scale recommended by the consensus of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology no significant differences were obtained.

The training of medical practitioners and district internists is a key area in Russian healthcare. To solve these tasks, South-Urals State Medical University uses practice-oriented approaches, modern information technologies, and interdisciplinary integration in the system of continuing education for students, residents, and additional professional education for doctors, allowing doctors to effectively apply their knowledge in their professional activities.

Introduction. Dental care for children, being one of the most widespread and at the same time socially significant type of medical care, provides measures of prevention, diagnosis, treatment of dental diseases and conditions in children, medical rehabilitation, formation of a healthy lifestyle, sanitary and hygienic education of children and is provided in the form of: primary health care; emergency, including emergency specialized medical care; specialized, including high-tech, medical care in the following conditions: outpatient; in a day hospital; inpatient, that is carried out mainly by medical workers with secondary medical education and consists of early detection of risk factors for the occurrence of dental diseases and their prevention and referral of children to a pediatric dentist [1, 4]. A decrease in the number of visits and the volume of primary specialized dental care may indicate a decrease in the availability of dental care for the child population. Possible reasons for such dynamics may be: insufficient funding of the dental service, insufficient material and technical base and insufficient number of medical staff in some regions [2]. Currently, there is a critical situation with the prevalence of dental diseases among children in Russia. Updating material and technical base, strengthening preventive work, increasing staffing are comprehensive measures aimed at overcoming the current crisis in pediatric dentistry. An interdisciplinary approach, including the interaction of health workers, teachers, psychologists and parents, is important. This is the only way to ensure high-quality dental care for children and reduce the prevalence of dental diseases. The absence of a regional prevention program aimed at reducing the prevalence and intensity of dental diseases and improving dental health in the Chelyabinsk region, as in most constituent entities of the Russian Federation, indicates the need for increased attention to this problem at the state and regional levels [2]. The aim of our study is to analyze the dynamics of types and volumes of dental care for children in the Chelyabinsk region for the five-year period 2019–2023. Materials and methods. An analysis of the reporting documentation of state medical organizations of the Chelyabinsk region on the main sections of the dental service for 2019–2023 was carried out. The article presents an analysis of the structure of the regional dental service, staffing, types of medical dental care provided to children, the number of visits of the child population for dental diseases to medical organizations of the Chelyabinsk region in 2019–2023 and the dynamics of changes of the studied indicators. Results. Data were obtained on the provision of the child population with pediatric dentists, dental doctors and dental hygienists, the level of staffing with these specialists, their qualifications. A tendency towards a decrease in the number of pediatric dentists with a simultaneous decrease in their staffing was established. A significant shortage of staff and personnel of dental hygienists was revealed. The main indicators of the outpatient dental service for providing primary specialized care to children were determined: the frequency of visits by children to dentists of different specialties, dentists and dental hygienists, the average number of visits per year per 1 child and per 1 disease, the ratio of preventive visits and visits for therapeutic purposes, the frequency (per 1000 visits) and the structure of providing various types of dental care to children. An increase in the number of visits by children to medical organizations providing dental care by 2.9% is noted. At the same time, the increase occurred due to preventive examinations of minors. In general, there is a decrease in the volume of primary pre-medical and sanitary dental care provided by dentists and primary specialized medical and sanitary dental care provided by pediatric dentists and dental surgeons, and an increase in the volume of primary specialized medical and sanitary dental care for children provided by dentists (general dentists).