cmedasНепрерывное медицинское образование и наукаContinuing Medical Education and Science2949-62923033-585XAGUhttps://cmedas.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/210cmedas-210Research ArticleФУНДАМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯFundamental researchСовременные аспекты моделирования церебрального инсультаModern aspects of cerebral stroke modelinghttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6487-9083ОсиковМ. В.OsikovM. V.

Осиков Михаил Владимирович, д.м.н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой патофизиологии, руководитель научного отдела

454092, Челябинск, улица Воровского, д. 64, тел.: +7 (351) - 262-78-23

Chelyabinsk

prof.osikov@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0002-1710-3922ШеломенцевА. В.ShelomentsevA. V.

Шеломенцев Алексей Викторович, аспирант кафедры патофизиологии, врач невролог первого отделения специалистов терапевтического профиля поликлиники

Челябинск

Chelyabinsk

avschelomenzew18@mail.ruФедеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Южно-Уральский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; Государственное бюджетное учреждение здравоохранения «Челябинская областная клиническая больница»РоссияSouth-Urals State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia; Chelyabinsk Regional Clinical HospitalRussian FederationФедеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Южно-Уральский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; Государственное бюджетное учреждение здравоохранения «Челябинский областной клинический терапевтический госпиталь для ветеранов войн»РоссияSouth-Urals State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia; Chelyabinsk Regional Clinical Therapeutic Hospital for War VeteransRussian Federation2024260120251943439Copyright © Осиков М.В., Шеломенцев А.В., 20242024Осиков М.В., Шеломенцев А.В.Osikov M.V., Shelomentsev A.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://cmedas.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/210

Моделирование церебрального инсульта играет ключевую роль в изучении механизмов патогенеза, диагностики и разработки новых высокоэффективных методов терапии. Цель исследования — провести критический анализ данных о методах моделирования ишемического и геморрагического инсульта, представленных в рецензируемых источниках, индексированных в базах данных Pubmed и Российского индекса научного цитирования за период 2020–2024 гг. Результаты и выводы. Экспериментальное моделирование церебрального инсульта включает подходы in vitro, in vivo и in silico. Моделирование in vitro позволяет изучить молекулярные и клеточные механизмы повреждения нервной ткани, но полной мере не отражает сложные межклеточные взаимодействия в ответ на действие повреждающего фактора. Моделирование in silico основано на методах вычислительной нейробиологии, позволяя разработать математические модели прогнозирования течения и исходов острого цереброваскулярного повреждения и изучить отдельные механизмы повреждения нервной ткани Моделирование in vivo представляет экономически выгодный, высоковоспроизводимый подход, благодаря широкой доступности лабораторных животных и обеспечивает низкие финансовые затраты на их содержание. Наиболее предпочтительными моделями ишемического и геморрагического инсульта являются эндоваскулярная нитевая окклюзия средней мозговой артерии, коллагеназная и балонная модель индукции паренхиматозного кровоизлияния, поскольку позволяют наиболее точно моделировать острое цереброваскулярное повреждение головного мозга человека на животных моделях.

Modelling of cerebral stroke plays a key role in studying the mechanisms of pathogenesis, diagnosis and development of new effective therapies. The aim of the study is to critical analysis of data on methods of modeling ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke presented in peer-reviewed sources indexed in the databases Pubmed and the Russian Science Citation Index for the period 2020-2024.. Results and conclusions. Experimental modeling of cerebral stroke includes in vitro, in vivo and in silico approaches. In vitro modeling allows us to study the molecular and cellular mechanisms of damage to nervous tissue, but does not fully reflect the complex intercellular interactions in response to the action of a damaging factor. In silico modeling is based on computational neuroscience methods, allowing to develop mathematical models for predicting the course and outcomes of acute cerebrovascular injury and to study individual mechanisms of damage to nervous tissue In vivo modeling is an economically profitable, highly reproducible approach, due to the wide availability of laboratory animals and provides low financial costs for their maintenance. The most preferred models of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke are endovascular filamentous occlusion of the middle cerebral artery, collagenase and balloon models of parenchymal hemorrhage induction, since they allow the most accurate modeling of acute cerebrovascular damage to the human brain in animal models.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.